Can murders change - or are they born evil?

 In the realm of criminal psychology, the question of whether individuals who commit murders can change, or if they are simply born evil, has long intrigued both professionals and the public. The 2024 Reith Lecturer has shared insights into this complex issue, shedding light on the nature versus nurture debate within the context of violent offenses. The notion of individuals being "monsters by nature" suggests a deterministic view where certain people are predisposed to violence due to innate qualities. This perspective aligns with the idea that some aspects of our personality, behavior, and inclinations are hardwired from birth. Advocates of this viewpoint often point to biological factors, such as genetics or brain chemistry, as underpinnings for aggressive behavior and a propensity towards criminal activity. However, the lecturer offers a more nuanced understanding of human behavior, emphasizing the significance of environmental factors, social upbringing, and personal experiences in shaping an individual's actions. The argument here is not that nature is irrelevant but that nurture plays a pivotal role in determining the trajectory of one's life. Factors such as childhood trauma, exposure to violence, socioeconomic status, and the quality of parental relationships can heavily influence whether someone might resort to violence. Furthermore, the concept